Tuesday, 6 May 2014

Word Grammar - Could Have

We can use 'could have'  to talk about something somebody was capable of doing but didn't do.
  • I could have gone to Oxford University but I preferred Harvard.
  • She could have married him but she didn't want to.
  • They could have bought a house here 20 years ago but chose not to.
Often, there is a sense of criticism.
  • You could have phoned me to let me know.
  • They could have helped me instead of just sitting there.
  •  I could have done more to help you. Sorry.
We can use 'couldn't have' to talk about something we were not capable of doing.
  • I couldn't have managed without you.
  • I couldn't have got the job. He was always going to appoint his nephew.
  • I couldn't have enjoyed myself more. Thank you for a lovely day.
We can use 'could have' to speculate about what has happened. (We can also use 'may have' or 'might have' in these situations.)
  • She could have taken the earlier train.
  • Simon could have told her.
  • They could have overheard what we said.
We can also use 'can have' to speculate about what has happened but only in questions and negative sentences and with words such as 'hardly', 'never' and 'only'.
  • Can she have forgotten about our meeting?
  • He can't have seen us.
  • They can hardly have thought that I was not interested in the job.
We can also use 'could have' to speculate about something that didn't happen.
  • You could have broken your neck, jumping out the window like that.
  • He could have hurt somebody, throwing a bottle out of the window like that.
  • I could have done well in my exam if I'd worked harder.
You can also use 'could have' to talk about possible present situations that have not happened.
  • I could have been earning a lot as an accountant but the work was just too boring.
  • He could have been Prime Minister now but he got involved in a big financial scandal.
  • They could have been the market leaders now if they had taken his advice.
Wow... So many 'Could Have' word are used in here, but most of them are in a sad tone... I hope that doesn't affect the Dreamers after reading this post.

Word Grammar - Wish

Have you ever heard about 'Wish' word somewhere?

For example like I wish I was pretty, We wish you the best of luck and We wish you a Merry Christmas.

Sentences above are commonly used in daily basis. There are so many 'Wish' words that are used, but you didn't know that it is actually a part of grammar. Lets read together and see if 'Wish' words below are being used by Dreamers everyday.

Let's start off with the easy part. ' I wish to' can mean the same as 'I want to' but it is much, much more formal and much, much less common.
  • I wish to make a complaint.
  • I wish to see the manager.
You can also use 'wish' with a noun to 'offer good wishes'.
  • I wish you all the best in your new job.
  • We wish you a merry Christmas.
Notice that when you want to offer good wishes using a verb, you must use 'hope ' and not 'wish'.
  • We wish you the best of luck.
  • We hope you have the best of luck.
  • I wish you a safe and pleasant journey.
  • I hope you have a safe and pleasant journey.
However, the main use of 'wish' is to say that we would like things to be different from what they are, that we have regrets about the present situation.
  • I wish I was rich.
  • He wishes he lived in Paris.
  • They wish they'd chosen a different leader.
Notice that the verb tense which follows 'I wish' is 'more in the past' than the tense corresponding to its meaning.
  • I'm too fat. I wish I was thin.
  • I never get invited to parties. I wish I got invited to parties.
  • It's raining. I wish it wasn't raining.
  • I went to see the latest Star Wars film. I wish I hadn't gone.
  • I've eaten too much. I wish I hadn't eaten so much.
  • I'm going to visit her later. I wish I wasn't going to visit her later.
In the case of 'will' , where 'will' means 'show willingness' we use 'would'.
  • He won't help me. I wish he would help me.
  • You're making too much noise. I wish you would be quiet.
  • You keep interrupting me. I wish you wouldn't do that.
Where 'will' means a future event, we cannot use 'wish' and must use 'hope'.
  • There's a strike tomorrow. I hope some buses will still be running.
  • I hope everything will be fine in your new job.
In more formal English, we use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was' after 'wish'.
  • I wish I were taller.
  • I wish it were Saturday today.
  • I wish he were here.
Did you find it? That's good to hear if you found one or more of it :D

Online site to improve your Listening skills

Few days ago, my friends also share his experience in blogging about sharing English stuff and we had a little talk about listening section to learn for beginners to higher. He highly recommended 123listening.Com

Then I decide to visit the site and Voila! Everything are completely far from what I'm expected, this site has a listening section for the very beginner to the advanced. What's more good about this site is you can download the audio along with the material in PDF!

Still don't believe the fact? Go visit the site by yourselves!

123listening.Com

Online site to improve speaking skills


EnglishCentral.Com is an online site that allows you to take a course and speak and learn English online with a speech recognition system, vocabulary and pronunciation tools. This site is really fun because you can choose the video you like, this site provides you with some exercises and you can easily check whether your answer is right or wrong. Click the link below, it will take you directly to the site.

EnglishCentral.Com

Reading and Health? What's this?

Hm... Many people don’t want to waste their time with reading. They think it is a boring thing to do. But, do you know that a simple thing like reading can help you to keep you healthy? Here are some facts about it!
  • With reading you can TRAIN YOUR BRAIN: Reading will keep your brain doing its function perfectly. So that, it will also make you more intelligent than before.
  • With reading you can RELIEVE YOUR STRESS: Read some fictions before sleep can help you reduce your stress after your full-day activities. it is due to the beauty of the language that used in the book.
  • With reading you can PREVENT ALZHEIMER DISEASE: Research says that reading can prevent us from memory loss or Alzheimer. According to the researcher, reading will simulate the brain cells to connect and grow.
  • With reading you can MAKE YOUR SLEEPING HABIT MORE HEALTHIER: Reading before sleep, besides can make you relax, it is also can increase your sleeping quality become more better. So, you will feel refreshed when you wake up.
  • With reading you can INCREASE YOUR CONCENTRATIONS: With reading everyday, you can increase  your ability to focus on something.
So what are you waiting for! Let’s read for our health!

How to Write a Business Letter

Hey Dreamers!

I think that when you saw this post, you thought that this is the same letter as the previous one (Writing Personal Letters). Unfortunately, this is completely different in many things.

Business Letters usually produced by a Company and sent it to another or between an organization or a customers, clients, or external parties. Business letters can have many types of contents, for example to request direct information or action from another party, to order supplies from a supplier, to point out a mistake by the letter's recipient, to reply directly to a request, to apologize for a wrong, or to convey goodwill. A business letter is sometimes useful because it produces a permanent written record, and may be taken more seriously by the recipient than other forms of communication.

There are many different reasons for writing a business letter. However, most business letters follow some general guidelines as described below.
  1. Use block style - do not indent paragraphs. Generally speaking, personal letters are indented in English to indicate a more informal style. Indent refers to a space before the first word of the first sentence in each new paragraph.
  2. Include address of the person you are writing to at the top of the letter, below your company address. For example:
    Buyers Inc.
    Alan Smith, Director
    28376 Red Ave.
    New York, NY 25009
  3. After the address, double space and include date
    Buyers Inc.
    Alan Smith, Director
    28376 Red Ave.
    New York, NY 25009
    June 24, 2012
  4. Double space (or as much as you need to put the body of the letter in the center) and include the salutation. Include Mr. for men or Ms. for women, unless the recipient has a title such as Dr.
    June 24, 2012
    Dear Mr. Anders:
  5. State a reference reason for your letter (i.e. 'With reference to our telephone conversation...'
  6. Give the reason for writing (i.e. 'I am writing to you to confirm our order...') For example:
    I enjoyed our conversation earlier today. I am writing to follow-up with a few questions about your products.
  7. Make any request you may have (i.e. 'I would be grateful if you could include a brochure...') For example:
    Could we meet next week to discuss the proposal in person? I am available any time between 9 and 2 Monday through Thursday.
  8. If there is to be further contact, refer to this contact (i.e. 'I look forward to meeting you at...') For example:
    I look forward to seeing you again next week.
  9. Close the letter with a thank you (i.e. 'Thank you for your prompt help...')
  10. Finish the letter with a salutation (i.e. 'Yours sincerely,')
  11. Include 4 spaces and type your full name and title For example:
    Yours sincerely,
    Kenneth Beare
  12. sign the letter between the salutation and the typed name and title
  13. Do not include your address if you are using company letterhead. Company letterhead refers to paper used by the company that includes the company address.

Form of Business Letter
The following is the general format, excluding indentation used in various formats:
[SENDER'S ADDRESS]
(optional) [SENDER'S PHONE]
(optional) [THE SENDER'S E-MAIL]

[DATE]

[RECIPIENT W/O PREFIX]
[RECIPIENT'S COMPANY]
[RECIPIENT'S ADDRESS]

(Optional) Attention [DEPARTMENT/PERSON]

Dear [RECIPIENT W/ PREFIX]
[First Salutation then Subject in Business letters]

[CONTENT.]

[CONTENT.]

[COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING (Sincerely, Respectfully, Regards, etc.)]

[SENDER]
[SENDER'S TITLE]

Enclosures ([NUMBER OF ENCLOSURES]) 

Tips:

  1. Keep the letter brief and to the point
  2. Do not use shortened verb forms - write them out (i.e. 'don't instead of do not')
  3. Always keep a copy of correspondence for future reference
  4. Use company letterhead if possible to make a more professional impact.

Well? It is completely different from Personal letter. After you read this post, at least you know what is Business Letter. This could be a reference if you are going to be involved in writing Business letter sometime later. Again, if you're stuck on something about this or other topic outside Business letter, just ask. People have freedom to ask questions right? Don't be silent please. Bye~

Writing a personal letter

With all the new technology of today, the golden age of handwritten letters may be past.  But receiving a long, newsy letter is still a treat, and there are times when nothing but a mailed letter will do.  Whether handwritten, printed, or typed, the standard letter format haven’t changed. Let's take a look at personal letters. Personal letters are letters you write to someone you know. For example, you might write to a friend, family member, classmate or pen pal.

How do I write a personal letter?

  1. Begin your letter by writing your name and address in the top right-hand corner of the page. It is important to include this information in case your return address (on the back of the envelope) is torn, or the envelope is thrown out. This way the person who receives the letter will always have your address and will be able to reply to you.
  2. Next, write the date on which you are writing your letter. This goes on the left-hand side of the letter, just above where you will write your greeting. The date is important so the person who is reading it knows when it was written. It is also helpful for people who like to keep letters they have been sent and look back on them.
  3. Under the date write your greeting. It is acceptable in a friendly letter to be informal with your greeting. Depending on how well you know the person you are writing to, you could use "Dear", "Hi" or "Hello".
  4. Now it is time to start writing the content of your letter. This is where you put everything you want to include in your letter. Remember, if you forget anything you can always put it in the postscript.
  5. When you have finished writing your letter, end it by signing off. Depending on how well you know the person, you could use "Your friend", "See ya" or "From".
  6. Sign or write your name under the sign-off.
  7. If you have forgotten to include something in your letter or you want to add an extra message, you can use a postscript (PS). This is written underneath your name at the bottom of the letter. 
What can I write about in a personal letter?

What can I write about in a personal letter?

Personal letters can be written conversationally. They can be about whatever you wish. There are no rules for what you can and cannot talk about, although you should always be kind. Think about what the person you are writing to might like to read. Here are some suggestions that you might find helpful:
  • Updates about school, hobbies or your sports team.
  • News about friends, family or your pets.
  • What has been happening in your street, town or city.
  • Holidays, birthdays, school camps, achievements, anything you think is special or exciting and would like to share.
  • A funny joke you have heard, a good movie you have seen, a fun game you played, or your favourite song, are all great things to write about.
  • Anything new. A good idea is to think about the last time you saw the person you are writing to. This will make it easier for you to tell them about new things that have happened since the last time you saw them.
  • Remember to ask the person you are writing to about what they have been doing and what has been happening in their life.
Are there different types of personal letters?

Are there different types of personal letters?


There are many different types of personal letters. Here are a few you might have heard of:

Pen palA pen pal is someone you communicate with by sending letters regularly.Fan mailYou write fan mail to someone you idolize or admire. You might choose to write to a famous actor, rock star, author, or sports hero.LoveYou can write a love letter to someone whom you love or care about. In this letter, you express feelings of affection and romance.FarewellIn a farewell letter you would say goodbye and good luck to someone who is moving interstate or overseas, or changing schools.Get wellYou send a get well letter to wish someone a speedy recovery from illness.CondolenceIn a condolence letter you show sympathy, usually for the death of someone close to the recipient. You might wish them strength through their grief, say you are sorry for their loss, or share fond memories of the person they have lost.CongratulationsYou would send this letter to congratulate someone on a birth, wedding, achievement or award.Thank youWhen you write a thank you letter, you are showing your appreciation to someone. Perhaps they invited you to their birthday party, gave you a thoughtful gift, or did you a favour. This is less formal than an appreciation letter, and would be sent to a friend or family member.Holiday / CelebrationYour holiday letter could celebrate a Birthday, Lebaran, Christmas, New Year, or any other special event or holiday.
Letter writing tips

Letter writing tips

Although there are many different types of letters, here are some general tips and hints to make sure that every letter is a good letter:
  • Write a draft. Writing a draft, or even planning what you want to say, will mean that the point of your letter is clear.
  • Make sure your handwriting is clear and neat. Nothing spoils the excitement of receiving a letter in the mail more than finding it is unreadable!
  • Don't include anything messy in your letter. If you are using glitter or sequins in a letter to a friend, make sure that they are all stuck down securely and will not spill all over the carpet when the letter is opened. Also remember that it is not a good idea to decorate your envelope as this may mean that it will take longer to sort or can cause it to get stuck in the sorting machine.
  • Make sure that your spelling is correct and there are no grammatical errors. Proofread your letter before you send it.
  • If you know your handwriting is a bit on the messy side, you can print out an address label to stick on your envelope, or ask an adult or friend with neat handwriting to write the address for you!

Okay! Now you can write a letter to your friend on a paper with quill (?) or print-out it, no matter how much time has passed letters still popular among people especially for them who works for a company. Goodbye~ See you in the next blog posts!

Credits: Australia Post ; Emily Post
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